EPPO activities on PRA (2024)

EPPO activities on PRA (1)

Pest Risk Analysis (PRA)

Pest Risk Analysis:The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether an organism is a pest, whether it should be regulated, and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it (ISPM 5, FAO).

In order to prevent the entry and spread of damaging pests, it is important to identify potential risks at an early stage and propose technically justified phytosanitary measures to mitigate these risks. In order to formalize this process, the concept of PRA has been developed and used, both at global and regional level. The aim of PRAs is to decide whether pests should be regulated or not as quarantine pest and propose risk management options. Since the 1990s, EPPO has been developing Standards on how to perform PRAs. These Standards remain inline with what has also been developed within the IPPC framework, in particular with ISPM 11 – Pest Risk Analysis.

For more information on PRA, read the EPPO Technical Document;Review of EPPO’s approach to Pest Risk Analysis (no. 1079, 2019)

HowPRAs are conducted within EPPO

A Panel on Phytosanitary Regulations was established in 1973. It was renamed Panel on Phytosanitary Measures in 2002. Its aim is at advising on addition or deletions of pests to the EPPO Alert List, recommend pests for regulation and their management options, based on review of PRAs.The Panel meets twice a year. Its current composition and summaries of its meeting discussions can be viewed on this website.

EPPO activities on PRA (2)

Panel on Phytosanitary Measures, Budapest (HU) 2023-10-3/5

The general methodology for conducting PRAs has been elaborated by the EPPO Panel on PRA development.Since 2006, EPPO organizes meetings of Experts Working Groups (EWGs) which are conducting PRAs on specific pests or groups of pests. PRAs are reviewed by the relevant Panels (Panel on Phytosanitary Measures and Panel on Invasive Alien Plants) and endorsed by the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations. EPPO conducts PRAs and makes recommendations for the EPPO region.

EPPO activities on PRA (3)

EWG on Chloridea virescens (Paris, FR, 2023-11-13/16)

EPPO activities on PRA (4)

EWG on Agrilus mali (Paris, FR, 2023-05-30 to 06-02)

EPPO Standards on PRA

The following EPPO Standards on PRA have been agreed and published. Allcan be retrieved from this website in our section on Standards. Files are also stored in the EPPO Global DatabaseEPPO activities on PRA (5)

  • PM 5/1(1) Check-list of information required for PRA
  • PM 5/2(2) PRA on detection of a pest in an imported consignment
  • PM 5/3(5) Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests (version 2011)
  • PM 5/5(1) Decision-Support Scheme for anExpress Pest Risk Analysis (and guidance document)
  • PM5/6(1) EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants
  • PM5/7(1) Screening process to identify priorities for commodity PRA for plants for planting
  • PM5/8(1) Guidelines on the phytosanitary measure ‘Plants grown under physical isolation’
  • PM 5/9(1) Preparation of pest lists in the framework of commodity PRAs
  • PM 5/10(1) Guidelines on the design and implementation of a buffer zone

EPPO Platform onPRAs

The EPPO Platform on PRAscontains:

  • EPPO PRAs
  • EFSA PRAs
  • National PRAs prepared by EPPO member countries
  • PRAs produced in the framework of EU-funded projects
  • A selection of interesting PRAs from other parts of the world
  • Scientific articles related to PRA activities

EPPO activities on PRA (6)

The EPPO Platform on PRAs contains a large number of PRAs produced since the early 1990s to the present date, as well as some additional documents related to PRA activities.In a restricted part of the Platform, registered users can also share draft PRAs, or their future plans to conduct PRAs in order to facilitate collaboration and share the workload.

more information| access platform

PRAs prepared by dedicated EPPO Expert Working Groups

All PRAs that have been prepared with EPPO Expert Working Groups since 2006 are listed below. To access PRA documents and datasheets (stored in EPPO Global Database) click on the links.

Pests (links to pest-specific documents in EPPO Global Database)

Final decision

Insects and mites
Agrilus anxiusA1 - 2011
Agrilus bilineatusA2 -2019
Agrilus fleischeriA2 -2019
Agrilus maliNewA2 –2024
Agrilus planipennisA1 - 2004
Aleurothrixus trachoidesNot added
Apriona germari, A. rugicollis (A. japonica), A. cinereaA1 - 2013
Aromia bungiiA1 - 2014
Aulacaspis yasumatsuiNot added
Bactericera cockerelliA1 - 2012
Bactrocera invadensA1 - 2010
Bactrocera latifronsA1 - 2017
Ceratothripoides brunneusA1 - 2017
Ceratothripoides claratrisA1 - 2017
Chionaspis pinifoliaeA1 –2022
Chloridea virescensNewA1 –2024
Chrysobothris femorataA1 –2021
Chrysobothris maliA1 –2021
Dendroctonus valensA1 –2022
Diocalandra frumentiNot added
Drosophila suzukiiA2 - 2011
Epitrix cucumeris, E. subcrinita, E. tuberis, E. papaA1/A2 - 2010
Euwallacea fornicatus sensu lato and it associated fungiA2 - 2016
Keiferia lycopersicellaA1 - 2012
Gymnandrosoma aurantianumA1 –2020
Lycorma delicatulaA1 - 2016
Megaplatypus mutatusA2 - 2007
Metamasius hemipterusA1 - 2009
Naupactus xanthographusA1 –2020
Neocerambyx (Massicus) raddeiA1 -2018
Neoleucinodes elegantalisA1 - 2014
Oemona hirtaA1 - 2013
Orgyia leucostigmaA1 –2021
Platynota stultanaA2 - 2017
Polygraphus proximusA2 - 2014
Prodiplosis longifilaA1 - 2017
Raoiella indicaNot added
Saperda candidaA1 - 2010
Phyllocoptes fructiphilus vector ofRose rosette emaravirusA1 -2018
Tetranychus evansiA2 - 2008
Tetranychus mexicanusA1 -2023
Thaumatotibia leucotreta

A2 - 2013

Toumeyella parvicornisNewA2 –2024
Gastropoda
Pomacea canaliculataA1 - 2018
Pomacea maculataA2 - 2018
Nematodes
Bursaphelenchus xylophilusA1 - transferred to A2 in 2010
Meloidogyne enterolobiiA2 - 2010
Meloidogyne maliA2 - 2017
Fungi (and fungus-like)
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical race 4NewA2 –2024
Geosmithia morbida and Pityophthorus juglandisA2 - 2015
Heterobasidion irregulareA2 - 2015
Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorumA2 in 2013
Phytophthora lateralisA1 - transferred to A2 in 2011
Thekopsora minimaA2 - 2017
Bacterium
Candidatus Phytoplasma phoeniciumA1 - 2017
Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearumA1 - 2012
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiaeA2 - 2012
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. alliiA1 - 2009
Viruses
Citrus bark cracking viroidA2 - 2017
Grapevine red blotch virusA1 –2022

Iris yellow spot virus

Not added
Rose rosette emaravirusand its vectorPhyllocoptes fructiphilusA1 -2018
Tomato brown rugose fruit virusA2 –2020
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virusA2 –2022
Tomato mottle mosaic virusNot added
Invasive plants

Ageratina adenophora

A2 -2023
Alternanthera philoxeroidesA2 - 2015
Amaranthus palmeriA2 –2020
Amaranthus tuberculatusA2 –2020
Ambrosia confertifloraA2 -2018
Ambrosia trifidaA2 –2019
Andropogon virginicusA2 -2018
Baccharis halimifoliaA2 - 2013
Cabomba carolinianaList of Invasive Alien Plants - 2006
Cardiospermum grandiflorumA2 - 2017
Celastrus orbiculatusA2 –2021
Cinnamomum camphoraNot added
Cortaderia jubataA1 –2018
Crassula helmsiiA2 - 2006
Ehrharta calycinaA2 -2018
Eichhornia crassipesA2 - 2008
Gymnocoronis spilanthoidesA2 - 2017
Hakea decurrens subsp. physocarpaNewA2 –2024
Hakea sericeaA2 -2018
Heracleum mantegazzianumList of Invasive Alien Plants - 2004
Heracleum sosnowskyiA2 - 2009
Heracleum persicumA2 - 2009
Hydrocotyle ranunculoidesA2 - 2005
Hygrophila polyspermaNot added
Humulus scandensA2 -2018
Lespedeza cuneataA1 - 2018
Lygodium japonicumA1 - 2018
Ludwigia grandifloraA2 - 2011
Ludwigia peploidesA2 - 2011
Lysichiton americanusA2 - 2005 but deleted in 2009
Microstegium vimineumA2 - 2015
Myriophyllum heterophyllumA2 - 2015
Parthenium hysterophorusA2 - 2014
Pistia stratiotesA2 - 2017
Polygonum perfoliatumA2 - 2008
Prosopis julifloraA2 -2018
Pueraria montana var. lobataA2 - 2006
Salvinia molestaA2 - 2017
Senecio inaequidensList of Invasive Alien Plants - 2004
Solanum carolinenseA2 –2022
Solanum elaeagnifoliumA2 - 2006
Solanum viarumObservation List –2022
Sicyos angulatusList of Invasive Alien Plants - 2005
Triadica sebiferaA1 -2018
Zizania latifoliaNewA2 –2024

PRAs under development or planned in the near future

PRAs being prepared by Expert Working Groups (EWGs) or under review within EPPO are listed in the EPPO Platform on PRAsEPPO activities on PRA (7)

Special projects and EPPO studies

EPPO activities on PRA (8)EPPO has carried out several studies on the risks associated with different commodities. These have been published as EPPO Technical Documents.

  • EPPO Study on the risk ofbark and ambrosia beetlesassociated with importednon-coniferous wood (no. 1081, 2020)
  • EPPO Secretariat’s approachfor commodity studies (no. 1074, 2016)
  • EPPO Study on wood commodities other thanround wood, sawn wood and manufactured items (no. 1071, 2015)
  • EPPO Study on pest risks associatedwith the import of tomato fruit (no. 1068, 2015)
  • EPPO Study on the riskof imports of plants for planting (no. 1061, 2012)

EPPO has participated in several EU-funded projects related to PRA(e.g. PRATIQUE, DROPSA, LIFE IAP project).

View our section on special projects

Conferences and Workshops on PRA

EPPO has organized a series of workshops and conferences on PRAs. The most recent ones are listed below.

  • EPPO Training course on PRA for invasive alien plants (Belgrade, 2018-11-29/30)

  • Workshop on regulated pests: risk analysis and listing (Moscow, 2018-06-06/08)
  • EPPO Training workshop 2: EPPO Express PRA for invasive alien plant species compliant with the Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 (Paris, 2017-02-14/17)

  • Joint EFSA-EPPO Workshop: Modelling in Plant Health – how can models support risk assessment of plant pests and decision making? (Parma, IT, 2016-12-12/14)
  • EPPO Training workshop 1: EPPO Prioritization Process for invasive alien plant species compliant with EU Regulation No 1143/2014 (Paris 2016-12-14/17)

  • FAO/EPPO Workshop on 'Commodity-associated phytosanitary risk, its analysis and management' (Bishkek, KG, 2014-06-03/06)
  • EPPO Training course on the EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants (Belgrade, 2013-07-09/11)
  • EPPO Training course on the EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants (Paris, 2013-03-12/14)
  • PRATIQUE / EPPO Workshop on Pest Risk Analysis (Hammamet, TN, 2010-11-23/26)
  • Atelier de formation de base sur l’Analyse du Risque Phytosanitaire (Hammamet, Tunisie, 2010-02-09/12)

Summaries of the recent conferences and workshopscan be viewed on this website

Useful references

Articles published in the EPPO Bulletin

  • Baker RHA (2012)An introduction to the PRATIQUE Research Project. EPPO Bulletin 42(1), 1-2.
  • Griessinger D, Suffert M, Brunel S, Petter F (2012) CAPRA: the EPPO Computer Assisted PRA scheme.EPPO Bulletin 42(1), 42-47.

Websites

EPPO activities on PRA (2024)
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